How Educational Robotics is Shaping Modern Learning Environments

By Ankit SinghReviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Oct 18 2024

In recent years, educational robotics has transformed the way students learn by making STEM subjects—science, technology, engineering, and mathematics—more interactive and accessible. By encouraging hands-on engagement with these complex topics, educational robotics is not only making learning fun but also equipping students with critical skills such as problem-solving, creativity, and teamwork.

Image Credit: metamorworks/Shutterstock.com

What Technologies Power Educational Robotics?

Educational robotics integrates various technologies, including mechanical systems, sensors, actuators, control systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and programming interfaces. These components work together to create platforms where students can design, build, and interact with robots, gaining valuable insight into the workings of technology and engineering.¹

Mechanical Systems

Educational robots are composed of mechanical structures that simulate real-world robotic systems. These robots include components like motors, gears, and structural parts such as wheels, arms, and frames. The mechanical design helps students understand how principles of physics, like torque, friction, and motion, apply to real-world systems.¹

Sensors

Sensors are critical to educational robotics as they allow robots to gather information about their surroundings. Common sensors include touch, ultrasonic, infrared, and color sensors, enabling robots to perceive their environment and react accordingly. Through experimentation, students gain an understanding of sensor-based feedback systems and how robots interact with their environment.¹

Actuators

Actuators, such as motors and servos, convert electrical energy into mechanical movement, enabling robots to perform physical tasks. By experimenting with actuators, students learn about the transformation of energy and how to control mechanical systems to achieve desired movements.¹

Control Systems

The control system processes input from sensors and directs the actions of the robot. Platforms like Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and LEGO Mindstorms use microcontrollers and embedded systems that let students write code to control a robot’s behavior. These control systems offer a hands-on way to learn about programming, logic, and automation.¹

Programming Interfaces

Programming is integral to educational robotics. Graphical programming environments like Scratch or Blockly are often used for younger students, while advanced text-based languages such as Python or C++ are introduced at higher levels. Through coding, students learn to develop algorithms and bring their robots to life, applying abstract programming concepts in tangible ways.¹

How is Educational Robotics Transforming Classrooms?

The applications of educational robotics in classrooms range from introducing foundational STEM concepts to providing hands-on experience in advanced technical fields. Robotics can be applied in various learning contexts, from early childhood education to university-level engineering programs.

• K-12 Education: In K-12 classrooms, educational robotics serves as an engaging way to introduce students to STEM subjects. Robotics platforms like LEGO Mindstorms and VEX allow students to build and program robots for specific tasks. Robotics competitions, such as FIRST LEGO League, provide opportunities for students to apply their knowledge in team-based challenges.^2,3
• Higher Education: At the university level, robotics courses often focus on complex areas like machine learning (ML), AI, computer vision, and autonomous systems. Universities use educational robots like TurtleBot and Baxter to teach advanced robotics and AI concepts, preparing students for careers in research, engineering, and computer science.²
• Specialized Learning: Robotics is also becoming more prevalent in specialized fields such as healthcare, where educational robots are used to simulate medical procedures and train healthcare professionals. By mimicking real-world challenges, these robots provide practical, hands-on experience in a controlled environment.²
• Remote and Blended Learning: Educational robotics has adapted well to remote and blended learning environments. Robotics kits can be sent home with students, and online platforms allow for the remote programming and control of robots. This has proven especially valuable in sustaining STEM education during disruptions, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis.²

The Role of AI and ML in Educational Robotics

AI and ML have significantly influenced the evolution of educational robotics, granting robots the capability to accomplish sophisticated tasks that demand perception, decision-making, and adaptability.

AI empowers robots to comprehend and interact with their surroundings independently. For instance, robots can leverage computer vision to identify objects, interpret gestures, or navigate through an environment without direct human control. Educational platforms like Cozmo and Vector integrate AI to allow students to experiment with AI-powered robots that can "learn" and adapt to new tasks.

Integrating ML algorithms into educational robots enables students to design and implement models that enhance the robots' performance over time. For example, students can train robots to recognize patterns in sensor data or optimize their movements through reinforcement learning.

Natural language processing (NLP) allows robots to communicate more naturally with users. Educational robots like NAO use NLP to interact with students, creating more engaging and intuitive learning experiences. Students can program NAO to understand and respond to spoken commands, offering an accessible introduction to AI-driven robotics.⁴

Benefits of Educational Robotics

Educational robotics offers numerous benefits that enhance both teaching and learning experiences:

1. Hands-On Learning: Robotics provides a tactile and interactive learning environment, reinforcing concepts in real-time.
2. Enhanced Problem-Solving Skills: Building and programming robots present students with challenges that require creative problem-solving.
3. Interdisciplinary Learning: Robotics naturally integrates multiple disciplines, helping students see real-world applications of their studies.
4. Collaboration and Teamwork: Robotics projects often require teamwork, encouraging communication and collaboration skills.
5. Preparation for Future Careers: Students gain valuable experience that prepares them for careers in fields such as automation, robotics engineering, AI, and software development.⁵

Challenges in Implementing Educational Robotics

Despite its many benefits, there are challenges to integrating educational robotics into classrooms. Robotics kits, sensors, and control systems can be expensive, making them inaccessible for schools with limited budgets. Moreover, teachers often require specialized training to effectively incorporate robotics into their curriculum, and many schools lack the resources for such training. Developing a meaningful robotics curriculum that aligns with educational standards also requires thoughtful planning and investment.

The lack of technical support and ongoing maintenance can also hinder the successful implementation of robotics programs. Schools need to allocate resources not only for initial setup but also for long-term upkeep, which can be a significant barrier. Furthermore, the fast pace of technological change means that educational institutions must continuously update their equipment and software to stay current, which adds another layer of complexity and cost.²

Latest in Educational Robotics Research

Recent advancements in educational robotics research are pushing the boundaries of how robotics can enhance learning experiences. For example, a study published in Frontiers in Robotics and AI explored the role of a social robot in facilitating collaborative group activities in higher education. The robot managed tasks, time, and encouraged discussions. While survey results showed no significant difference between facilitation methods, students viewed the robot positively, praising its time management, objectivity, and efficiency. The findings suggest that Robot Supportive Collaborative Learning (RSCL) can enhance the learning environment and support active learning.⁶

Thirty-six students engaged in Human-Computer Interaction course activities facilitated by an instructor, tablets, and a robot. The robot managed tasks, time, and encouraged discussions. While survey results showed no significant difference between facilitation methods, students viewed the robot positively, praising its time management, objectivity, and efficiency. The findings suggest that Robot Supportive Collaborative Learning (RSCL) can enhance the learning environment and support active learning.⁶

Another study in the Information Journal introduced the Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Intelligent Assistant (AIIA) framework which uses AI and NLP to provide personalized learning experiences. By interacting with students, generating quizzes, and creating customized learning paths, AIIA was able to reduce cognitive load and enhance engagement, pointing toward the future of AI-powered educational tools.⁷

The Future of Educational Robotics

The future of educational robotics is promising, with advancements in AI paving the way for more personalized and adaptive learning experiences. AI-powered robots may soon function as intelligent tutors, offering real-time feedback and tailored support for individual students. As technology becomes more affordable, educational robotics will also become more accessible, helping to bridge educational gaps in underserved communities.

The integration of robotics with augmented reality (AR) could offer immersive learning experiences, further enhancing student engagement and understanding. Ultimately, educational robotics will continue to drive interest in STEM, nurturing a generation of innovators and professionals prepared for a technology-driven world.

Conclusion

Educational robotics is reshaping how we learn, providing hands-on, interdisciplinary experiences that encourage students to engage deeply with STEM subjects. Despite challenges like high costs, the need for teacher training, and ongoing maintenance, the continued advancements in AI and robotics hold immense promise. As these technologies become more accessible, they have the potential to become an integral part of education worldwide, equipping students with the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in a rapidly evolving technological era.

By nurturing creativity, problem-solving, and collaboration, educational robotics is not just reshaping how we learn today but also preparing future innovators to tackle the challenges of tomorrow.

References and Further Reading

1. Hameed, A. et al. (2022). Control System Design and Methods for Collaborative Robots: Review. Applied Sciences, 13(1), 675. DOI:10.3390/app13010675. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/675
2. Atman Uslu, N. et al. (2022). A systematic review study on educational robotics and robots. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–25. DOI:10.1080/10494820.2021.2023890. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10494820.2021.2023890
3. Zhang, Y. et al. (2021). Educational Robots Improve K-12 Students’ Computational Thinking and STEM Attitudes: Systematic Review. Journal of Educational Computing Research. DOI:10.1177/0735633121994070. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0735633121994070
4. Younis, H. A. et al. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review on the Applications of Robots and Natural Language Processing in Education. Electronics, 12(13), 2864. DOI:10.3390/electronics12132864. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/13/2864
5. Mwangi, P. N. et al. (2022). Exploring the benefits of Educational Robots in STEM Learning: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 11(6), 5–11. DOI:10.35940/ijeat.f3646.0811622. https://www.ijeat.org/portfolio-item/f36460811622/
6. B., R., Koren, Y. et al. (2020). Robot-Supported Collaborative Learning (RSCL): Social Robots as Teaching Assistants for Higher Education Small Group Facilitation. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 6, 501372. DOI:10.3389/frobt.2019.00148. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2019.00148/full
7. Sajja, R. et al. (2024). Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Intelligent Assistant for Personalized and Adaptive Learning in Higher Education. Information, 15(10), 596. DOI:10.3390/info15100596. https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/15/10/596

Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the author expressed in their private capacity and do not necessarily represent the views of AZoM.com Limited T/A AZoNetwork the owner and operator of this website. This disclaimer forms part of the Terms and conditions of use of this website.