Tel Aviv University researchers are using the movement skills of cockroaches to improve mobility of future robots.
Amir Ayali of Tel Aviv University’s Department of Zoology said the study of cockroaches has already inspired advanced robotics. Robots have long been based on these six-legged houseguests, whose nervous system is relatively straightforward and easy to study.
But until now, walking machines based on the cockroach’s movement have been influenced by outside observations and mainly imitate the insect’s appearance, not its internal mechanics.
Ayali and his fellow researchers are conducting a number of tests to uncover the mysteries of the cockroach’s nervous system, studying how sensory feedback from one leg is translated to the coordination of all the other legs.
Their analysis of the contribution of each leg is shared with collaborating scientists at Princeton University, who use the information to construct models and simulations of insect locomotion.
Ayali said that insects utilize information from the environment around them to determine how they will move. Their sensors give them data about the terrain they are encountering and how they should approach it. How this information transfers to the insect’s legs is central to understanding how to mimic their locomotion.
The research was recently presented at the International Neuroethology conference in Spain as well as the Israeli Neuroscience Meeting in December(ANI).
This information, he says, will give engineers the information they need to design robots with a more compact build and greater efficiency in terms of energy, time, robustness and rigidity. Such superior robotics can be even used to explore new terrain in outer space.
Cockroaches are not the only insects that have captured the scientific imagination. Projects that highlight both the flight of the locust and the crawling of the soft-bodied caterpillar are also underway.
Locusts are amazing flyers, Prof. Ayali notes. Scientists are studying both their aerodynamic build and their energy metabolism for long-distance flights. Recordings of their nervous systems and simultaneous video tracking to observe the movement of their wings during flight can be expected to lead to better technology for miniscule flying robots.
As for caterpillars, engineers are trying to recreate in soft-bodied robots what they call the creatures "endless degrees of freedom of movement." "Caterpillars are not confined by a stiff structure -- they have no rigid skeletons," says Prof. Ayali. "This is exactly what makes them unique.